Viruses viroids prions and bacteria

Understanding the function of prion proteins and their modification to the pathological form may give new insight into the etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms also other diseases caused by aberrant proteins, including Alzheimer' disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Prionoses are a group of human and animal neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions, infectious pathogens that differ from bacteria, fungi, parasites, viroids, and viruses. Publication types English Abstract Review. And because it can do that, it can self-cleave to create more viroids. Now, there's one thing to really pay attention to. You don't wanna confuse viroids with virions. Because virions are what we call whole viruses.

That means the protein coat plus the RNA, or maybe an envelope. Because once a virus gets inside of a host, and the protein coat falls off, it's only genetic material at that point. So that helps distinguish between a virus outside of a cell, and a virus inside of a cell.

So remember, viroids and virions are different. And now, let's talk about prions, which are kind of funky. They actually were very recently discovered.

Because scientists have always argued about whether or not proteins can be infectious by themselves. Prions come from the word "proteinaceous infectious particles".

And I know that pro in is not prion, but they jumbled up the o and the i to make prion. Transmission between humans can occur through heredity as is often the case with GSS and CJD or by contact with contaminated tissue, as might occur during a blood transfusion or organ transplant. There is no evidence for transmission via casual contact with an infected person. Table 6. Prions are extremely difficult to destroy because they are resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation.

Even standard sterilization procedures do not ensure the destruction of these particles. Currently, there is no treatment or cure for TSE disease, and contaminated meats or infected animals must be handled according to federal guidelines to prevent transmission.

For more information on the handling of animals and prion-contaminated materials, visit the guidelines published on the CDC and WHO websites. The test is negative for rabies antigen. A second viral antigen test on his saliva sample also comes back negative. Near the site of the bite, David receives an injection of rabies immunoglobulin, which attaches to and inactivates any rabies virus that may be present in his tissues.

Over the next 14 days, he receives a series of four rabies-specific vaccinations in the arm. Thankfully, with treatment, David symptoms improve and he makes a full recovery. Not all rabies cases have such a fortunate outcome. In fact, rabies is usually fatal once the patient starts to exhibit symptoms, and postbite treatments are mainly palliative i. Go back to the previous Clinical Focus box. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Want to cite, share, or modify this book?

Soon, holes appear in the brain that can only be treated by incineration. An example of a disease caused by a prion would be the Mad Cow Disease, or the human equivalent Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease. Prions are very dangerous. While some people can confuse prions and viruses, there are some ways to tell the difference.

Viruses are the simplest and tiniest of microbes, and are made up of proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. The nucleic acids contain the genetic code that helps them grow and reproduce, but only once they find their way into a living organism. The remains of the nucleic acid then forms a covering, called the capsid. Once the capsid gets removed, viruses use the building materials of th Now that you know the similarities and differences between viruses, prions and bacteria , you know how to help make yourself feel better if you get sick, or how to prevent sickness in the first place.

Works Cited 1. American Center for Microbiology, 1 Jan. Nguyen, Bianca. Virus vs. Get Access. Good Essays. Viruses Words 2 Pages. Read More. Powerful Essays.